Sascha K. Hooker, Hal Whitehead, Shannon Gowans and Robin W. Baird. 2002.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 225:287-297.
This study investigated the pattern and scale of distribution, movements and range
use of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) above a submarine canyon off
eastern Canada between 1988-1998. Locations and individual identification photographs
were collected during encounters with whales. Whales showed a discrete distribution
within the canyon, which was associated with water depth (500-1500m) and relatively
steep topography. Encounter rate and distribution showed some variation between years.
Changes in distribution were observed toward the north or south of the canyon, likely
a consequence of changes in prey distribution. Individual whales within the canyon
displaced 4-5 km over 24 hr, with negligible further increase in displacement over
time scales up to 20 days (their approximate residency period). Short-term VHF
radio-tracking of five individuals provided an independent source of movement data,
showing displacements of approximately 2 km in one hour and 5-10 km in one day. The
relative lack of movement observed for these whales supports the hypothesis that the
canyon contains a profitable and localized foodsource. Movements of whales best fit a
model of short-term residence within a discrete range of approximately 25-km2 area,
although the range size of mature males was smaller than that of females and immature
males. Photo-resightings were also used to investigate variation of positions of
individual whales within the Gully. Within years, individuals showed some separation
of ranges associated with periods of high whale abundance, but there was no separation
between different age-sex classes. Between years, mature males showed consistent
spatial orientations relative to one another, suggesting preferred locations possibly
related to mating opportunities.